Is giardia difficult to get rid of

Debra L. Conversely, while adult cats often have different and more chronic causes of diarrhea than kittens, the condition remains a common reason for cats to be presented to veterinarians for care.

This review discusses some of the more common causes as well as the best approaches for diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea in kittens and cats.

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The role of diet in diagnosis and therapy of diarrhea is considered when appropriate. Diarrhea in kittens may range in severity from mild cseresznye féreg self-limiting to a severe, hemorrhagic, life-threatening condition.

Knowledge of the most frequently encountered causes of diarrhea in kittens is essential in formulating appropriate diagnostic and treatment plans for these young patients. Although adult cats can also have infectious, parasitic, mechanical e. In many adult cats, Giardia species infections are subclinical or transient, but in kittens, infection is classically associated with an acute onset of malodorous, pale, mucoid diarrhea.

The diagnosis is relatively straightforward when the trophozoites or cysts are identified on fresh fecal smears or is giardia difficult to get rid of. Treatment of giardiasis in cats and kittens belféreg fertozes tunetei not changed drastically for many years, and includes specific antiprotozoal therapy combined with environmental control.

A note of caution here is advised using metronidazole at this dose for longer than days, típusú bél paraziták képeket metronidazole toxicity is much more likely is giardia difficult to get rid of result. However, the lack of efficacy may have been due to the combined infection, so, the true effectiveness of fenbendazole against Giardia species is not known.

Finally, experimentally infected cats were effectively treated with a combination product containing febantel Drontal Plus, Bayer Animal Health. In that study, the kittens did not have diarrhea from Giardia infection, but Giardia antigen test is giardia difficult to get rid of became negative after therapy, suggesting complete removal of the organism.

One note of caution is that this drug is not approved for use in cats, primarily because neurologic signs were observed during initial testing. Because reinfection is a major cause of persistent or recurrent infection in a household, cattery, or shelter, appropriate environment control measures are essential. Such measures include environmental decontamination cleaning all floors, cages, litter pans, and surfaces that have been in contact with feces with quaternary ammonium or Clorox-containing disinfectantscoat cleaning bathing or shaving of long-haired catsand isolation of affected animals during the diarrheic phase to prevent infection through grooming and other forms of contact.

Vaccination with the commercially available Giardia vaccine GiardiaVax, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Overland Park, KS does not prevent infection or shedding of cysts but may reduce the severity and the duration of shedding. As a result of studiesperformed by Lappin, et al, evaluating the effectiveness of this vaccine, it is not recommended for routine use in household cats. Because Giardia is zoonotic, appropriate education about handling infected cats and kittens is also important.

Trichomoniasis Trichomoniasis, caused by Tritrichomonas foetus, has been recently recognized as a pathogen in kittens and adult cats. This is the same protozoal organism that infects cattle, causing early embryonic death, abortion, and pyometra.

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However, in cats, the organism infects the large intestinal mucosa and causes chronic large bowel diarrhea characterized by increased mucus, tenesmus, hematochezia, and increased frequency of defecation. Most affected kittens are healthy, alert, and active. The only outward signs of illness are the presence of anal hyperemia or swelling, and painful defecation.

Most infections are diagnosed in young kittens with chronic diarrhea average age 9 monthsbut infection can occur at any age.

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Cats that are exposed to the organism will probably become infected, and infection is likely to be persistent. In a recent study, all eight cats that were exposed to Tritrichomonas trophozoites became infected as evidenced by fecal cultures performed throughout the days of the study. However, infection with T. Diagnosis of this infection can be made by one of four approaches, listed according to relative ease of use and expense: 1 direct examination of the feces for trophozoites, 2 fecal cultures for the organism using the InpouchTF kit, Biomed Diagnostics, White City, OR3 polymerase chain reaction PCR of feces must be submitted to specific labs, Dr.

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However, it is still the easiest and potentially fastest way to make a definitive diagnosis. The InPouchTF kit is more sensitive than the fecal examination but takes up to 12 days to grow the organism for diagnosis.

The samples can be sent to a lab for culture, or the culture kits can be obtained and used in the practice setting. Because other trichomonad species can grow in the pouch, PCR testing of the cultured organisms may be needed.

PCR testing is the most sensitive and specific method of diagnosis, but is also more expensive and results take longer to obtain because only a few labs can do this test.